Vivir con una amputación traumática tras un siniestro vial: autonomía y participación social

Robert Zalzuela Alvarado; Angely Nicole Sanchez Taveras; Katherine Payero

doi:10.68876/praxis.00013

Autores/as

Robert Zalzuela Alvarado Miembro del Comité Científico Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9361-2021
Angely Nicole Sanchez Taveras Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, recinto Santiago, República Dominicana Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2370-5754
Katherine Payero Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, recinto Santiago, República Dominicana Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4635-9990

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.68876/praxis.00013

Palabras clave:

Amputación Traumática , Adaptación Psicológica , Autonomía Personal , Participación Social , Rehabilitación

Resumen

Este ensayo sostiene que la adaptación posamputación debe valorarse por la posibilidad de decidir y realizar actividades significativas. La capacidad física es una dimensión de la recuperación, mientras que la participación efectiva también depende de los apoyos y de las oportunidades disponibles. Se examina el afrontamiento tras una amputación traumática, con atención al malestar emocional, la imagen corporal y las diferencias entre síntomas y diagnósticos psiquiátricos. Luego se analiza cómo la ayuda familiar, el apoyo entre pares, la accesibilidad y las condiciones laborales pueden ampliar o restringir la autonomía. Se propone evaluar la recuperación mediante metas elegidas con la persona y distinguir tres dimensiones: capacidad para realizar una tarea, control sobre las decisiones y participación efectiva. La literatura sobre trauma sustenta el argumento, con aportes comparativos de estudios sobre otras etiologías. Por ejemplo, una persona puede recuperar la capacidad de caminar y seguir sin poder volver al trabajo por falta de transporte accesible. Distinguir estas dimensiones permite identificar si la dificultad requiere atención clínica, apoyo psicosocial o cambios en el entorno. Los datos agregados de Moca ilustran el alcance de las categorías de calidad de vida. El esquema requiere evaluación local.

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